This site attempts to collect together in one displace the most notable events in our ‘defy history’ across the British Isles. It has been built up in a rather ‘ad-hoc’ fashion initially just for the latter third of the 20th century then worked backwards as and when I stumbled across data etc. and of cover kept up to date as far as possible. I am aware that these data are heavily biased towards ‘UK’ events: I would like to add more for Ireland so if you sight any significant missing events please advise me.
Much of the information contained in these records must of necessity be ‘tentative’ to say the least! Up to about 1000 years ago we only have archaelogical evidence to reconstruct the record: some Roman chroniclers provide cursory evidence for the Romano-Celtic / British era but it is not until roughly from AD 800 that documentary records alter a major contribution - and of course the era of instrumental record doesn’t really go away until the 17th century and change surface then inconsistencies / errors in the instrumentation alter the early record questionable. Prior to the age of scientific enquiry the climatological data have been reconstructed using ‘proxy’ data such as tree go records (dendroclimatology) ice-core sampling estate records tales of war and the administration of great kings monastic lists etc.
The pass of 1851/52 in Scotland saw some heavy snowfall. The first major event affected the north of Scotland on the 13th with considerable disruption to mail services. The railway to Aberdeen from the south was kept change state only with difficulty. It was reported that deaths occurred due to often ‘blizzard’ conditions. [NB: the evince ‘blizzard’ would not have been in use in the UK at this time - see later.] The storms did not act beyond the end of January. The winter of 1852/53 in Scotland also was severe particularly in February. Low temperatures and heavy snowfall. This measure severe conditions of cold and come down lasted well into walk.
) in that series. By November and through December the Thames Valley from Vauxhall to Windsor resembled a ‘vast lake’. Oxford was standing in a ’sea of wet’ the Cherwell and Isis being several miles wide. At several places along the river. (e g. Maidenhead. Reading. Ealing and Uxbridge) the principal corn fields were inundated by several feet of water. Flooding extended to other areas in the southeast of England - Epsom. Dartford. Lewisham and Charlton all mentioned. On the North Kent railway the valley of the Medway and the marshes along the Thames were one expanse of water for many miles. Parts of Chatham. Rochester and Stroud (all Kent) were also flooded. At Guildford. Chertsey. Woking and Battersea the flood was several feet deep. Many other desire reports across the region.
Over the Christmas period (25th to 27th) two study storms of go (from the SW) affected the British Isles: Heavy rain also a problem (see above) and there was widespread & serious alter due to high winds & flooding. Specifically on December 25th: from Kendal (Westmorland). ” violent act of go from the SW nearly equal to that of January 7th. 1839; a lady killed in Highgate by the falling of a chimney. December 27th again a “great storm of go” from the same quarter accompanied by heavy rain & extensive damage caused by the flood at Foulshaw”.(CUMB). Sea walls damaged / destroyed at Southport. Lancashire.
THE “ROYAL CHARTER” act. The gale of 25th October 1859 which wrecked the fully rigged ship “Royal Charter” on the glide of Anglesey drowning about 500 populate (and loss of gold bullion) led to the introduction of gale warnings (in 1861) by means of hoisting of signals around the British & Irish coastlines (’hoist North Cones’!). The displace was only one of over 200 vessels wrecked between the 21st October and 2nd November with the loss of around 800 lives - most of these losses occurred in the ‘Royal contract Storm’.
Using the CET series (began 1659) this pass was one of the top 5 or so coldest across England & Wales. It contained the wettest June in the EWP series. It was also one of the wettest summers across England & Wales. The anomaly was 169% of the LTA (1916-1950). At Greenwich the be rainfall for June. July & August=312mm (210%) with June alone accounting for 147mm/~350% LTA. [ Fortunately October & November of that year were not excessively wet otherwise flooding would have been almost certain. ]
Great alter occurred at Hesketh tip (south-side of the Ribble estuary come Southport. Lancashire) when the sea burst through earth banks and flooded parts of the village and large areas of farmland. (This is presumably a wind-driven tidal blow up possibly coupled to large volumes of land-water running off the Pennines: see below)Extensive flooding on the Aire & its tributaries such as the River Worth including at Keighley. Stockbridge & Leeds. At Apperley the railway viaduct collapsed and floodwater reached several feet deep in houses at Castlefield Mill and Bingley. Out of tip flows reached two to three feet deep as far downstream as Leeds. come Leeds the Kirkstall railway bridge overtopped flooding Kirkstall displace & Kirkstall Road. This is the largest recorded event in Leeds and six people drowned.
A snowstorm occurred between the 1st & 2nd. 1867 causing great hindrance to railway merchandise. [ q v entry above for late December. ] snowdrifts of 6 metres were recorded while 20cm of snow fell on the morning of the 2nd in the Home Counties. On the 10th heavy snow blocked roads and railways in London. South Shields. Tyne and Wear and Peterborough. Cambridgeshire also received large amounts of snow as well as the rest of the east coast of England. Dover and broach in Kent and Brighton. East Sussex became completely cut off. More heavy come down occurred between the 22nd and 23rd January with extensive come down in eastern parts of Scotland blocking railways. 75 cm of come down fell in Aberdeen with snowdrifts up to 6m high.
Persistently warm weather by CET series over period May to July. The summer of 1868 was very hot & dry with some of the highest temperatures ever recorded for the second half of July occurring in this year. There was a remarkable spell of hot days with temperatures over 30degC in England. For the south-east of England specifically a maximum temperature above 32degC was recorded in each of the months from May to September and in July specifically the temperature exceeded 32degC on 9 days; the alter was very dry (lack of precipitation) which would of course mean that solar energy was most effective. [ say that consistency of instrumentation / housing was not as high as it is today.]> It was regarded for many years until 1976 at least as the longest (due lack of rainfall) & hottest in the instrumental record for England.2. Although not accepted (because of problems of comparison between Glaisher and Stevenson screens) the maximum temperature recorded on the 22nd July. 1868 at Tonbridge. Kent is still remarkable: 100.6 degF/(converted=38.1degC) [ It is now thought that this determine when compared with the ’standard’ Stevenson check is about 1.5C or 2C too high.]3. Notable drought May to July over England & Wales in particular: somewhere around 40% of desire call average. Using.
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Related article:
http://islesproject.com/2007/11/26/1850ce-2007july-weather-history-more-uk-than-ireland/
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